Improvement in steam boilers and furnaces



G; W. LASCELL. Improvement in steam Boilers and Furnaces. No. 133,161. v Patented N0v.19,1872..

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AM. PHUTU-LITIIUGRAPHICCOMK(USBORNES FRUCESSJ UNITED STATES GEORGE W. LASOELL, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, .ASSIGNOJR. TO HIMSELF AND HUGH ROBINSON, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

' IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 133,161, dated November l9, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE W. LASCELL, of Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam Boilers and Furnaces,.of which the following is a specification:

Figure l is a detail vertical section ofa steam boiler and furnace illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same taken through the line av :0, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail vertical section of one of the fire-chambers taken through the line 3 y, Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My invention has for its object to furnish an improved boiler and furnace for generating steam and for heating and evaporating purposes which shall be so constructed as to consume all the smoke and combustible gases that may be developed in the combustion of the fuel, and which shall, at the same time, be simple in construction and of greater steam generatin g, heating, or evaporating power than boilers and furnaces constructed in the ordinary manner; and it consists in the construction and combination of various parts of the apparatus, as hereinafter more fully described.

A represents the fire-chambers, four (more or less) of which may be used, and which are placed around the lower part of the boiler or other object to be heated. The lower part of the fire-chamber A is provided with a grate, B, to support the fuel, and with an ash-pit, O, to receive the ashes of the consumed fuel. The tops of the fire-chambers A are left open, as shown, and the air to support the combustion passes in through the said open tops and passes down through the dead coal to the live coal in the lower part of said chambers A, where the combustion takes place. The smoke and gaseous products of combustion pass through openings or fines D in the side of the lower part of the boiler E, where they mix with air entering through perforations in the bottom F of said boiler and are consumed. The perforations in the bottom F of said boiler E are closed or opened to any desired extent by means of the damper G. The walls of the boiler E are made double to form a water-space, into the lower part of which the water is introduced. The walls of the fire-chambers A are also made double to form water-spaces. The water-spaces between the double walls of the fire-chambers A are connected by pipes H, into one of which the water is introduced from the pump or reservoir. The other end of thepipe H, that is broken to connect wit-h the pump or reservoir, is connected with the space between the double walls of the boiler E, so that the water, before passing into the boiler E, circulates around all the fire-chambers A. The spaces between the double walls upon the opposite sides of each fire-chamber are connected by pipes I, which are coiled or zigzagged across the inner ends of said chambers so as to be exposed to the heated products of combustion as they pass from said. chambers into the interior of the boiler E. The water-space between the double walls of the boiler E is made wider at the lower than at the upper part of said boiler to form a contracted well or chamber, into which the smoke and other combustible gaseous prodnets of combustion from the fire-chambers A are introduced, and in which they are burned by the aid of the air introduced through the openings in the bottom F of the boiler, which openings are regulated by the damper G to introduce exactly the amount of air required to effect their thorough combustion. J is a water-pipe, the lower part of which is coiled. as shown in Fig. 1, to form a dome-shaped pan tition at the top of the contracted part or combustion-well, in which the gases are consumed, which dome-shaped coil, in a measure, checks the ascent of the smoke and gases and secures their perfect combustion. The upper part of the pipe J may be coiled or arranged in any desired manner. To prevent the pipe J from being made so long that the water cannot cir culate through it properly it may be made in several parts or distinct coils. The lower end of the pipe or pipes J is connected with the lower part of the water=space between the double walls of the boiler E, and the upper end of said pipe or pipes is connected with the water-space in the double -walled top of said boiler 5 or, if desired, it may pass up into and be combined with the dome or steam chest K. The dome or steam-chest K is supported by a number of short pipes or hollow studs, L, the lower ends of which are connected with the Water-space in the double -walled top of the utilized in heating the water in the boiler, proboiler E, and their upper ends are connected with the said dome or steam-chest K, between the bottom of which and the top of the boiler E a space is thus left, as shown in Fig. 1. The steam is conducted away through the pipe M. The incombustible products of combustion pass up, through short pipes N inserted in the double-walled top of the boiler E, into the space between the said top and the bottom of the dome K, whence they passinto the space inclosed by the jacket 0, which incloses the dome K and projects down. along the sides of the boiler E. The lower end of the jacket 0 is left open, and is surrounded by a jacket, I, which incloses the lower part of the boiler E and the lower part of the jacket 0, and extends up so as to overlap the lower part of the dome K. The bottom and the top of the jacket P are closed, and the incombustible products of combustion escape from its upper part into the flue Q.

By this construction the combustible parts of the fuel will be wholly consumed, and the heat thus developed will be almost entirely ducing the best possible results with a given quantity of fuel. By this construction, also, there are no furnace-doors to be opened to renew the fuel; but the coal is shoveled into the open tops of the fire-chambers A. This arrangement of the fire-chambers A is equally applicable to cooking and other stoves, t0 heaters, furnaces, salt-blocks, 800.

I have no interior combustion-chambers, nor openings leading thereto, through which to convey the coal. My fire boxes or chambers are wholly upon the outside of the outer shell of the boiler. Combustion therefore takes place upon the outside only, and the products thereof are conveyed through openings or fines to an interior contracted well, where the I flame and unconsumed gases from the four or more fire-boxes meet and are charged with oxygen through a register in the bottom of said well. The space usually taken up with the fire I devote entirely to heating-surfaces.

To efie'ct perfect combustion on a large scale it is only necessary to have a steady and uniform feed as the first requisite as the second, the admission of the proper supply of oxygen, and in-the right place. I deem it important to leave the covers off, because I wish the draft to be downward through the coal but I also provide draft-holes at the bottom of the fire-boxes in front and just above the grates, and may also admit air through the ash-pit to the grates, if necessary.

To me the idea is entirely new, and the device the only one-through or by which perfect combustion is attainable. w

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-- 1. The combination of the pipes L, dome K, pipes N, and jackets O and P with the doublewalled boiler E, coiled pipe or pipes J, and

one or more exterior open-topped fire chambers or furnaces, A, substantially as herein shown, and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the pipes H with the double-walled exterior open-topped fire-chambers A, and with the double-walled boiler E, substantially as herein shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of the coiled or zigzag pipes I with the double-walled exterior opentopped firechambers A, and with the fiues D leading through the double walls of the boiler E, substantially as herein shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

GEORGE W. LASOELL.

Witnesses:

JAMES T. GRAHAM, T. B. MosHEn, 

